Nguyen Quang Tuyen Abstract: The results of this study show that Kien Giang has an abundant youth laborer force; 43% of laborers a...
Nguyen Quang Tuyen
Abstract: The results of this study show that Kien Giang has
an abundant youth laborer force; 43% of laborers are between
the ages 15 to 29, most of whom are involved in the handicraft
sector and non-agriculture wage employment, while most
laborers aging between 45 and 60 are involved in agricultural
work. However, laborers had a difficult time finding jobs after
participating in career training because the quality of training
was not high and because the duration of training was short. Of
those being trained, 51% received training in industrial and
construction professions.
The gender of workers, the type and form of vocational training received, linkages among training schools, the organizations using trained laborerers, and the duration of career training all impact the employment of laborerers after rural vocational training. Besides these factors, the type of household, the amount of production land, the ages of trainees, the linkages among training schools, and the organizations using trained laborerers incomes of those receiving career training.
The gender of workers, the type and form of vocational training received, linkages among training schools, the organizations using trained laborerers, and the duration of career training all impact the employment of laborerers after rural vocational training. Besides these factors, the type of household, the amount of production land, the ages of trainees, the linkages among training schools, and the organizations using trained laborerers incomes of those receiving career training.
Keywords: laborer force, employment,vocational training.
GJHSS: Global Journals Blog
GJHSS: Global Journals Blog
Introduction
In the process of industrialization and modernization in
general and the development of agriculture and rural
sector in particular, the mission of building the
qualified human resource plays an important role.
Among 87 million people of Vietnam population in 2010,
72% of them live in the rural sites and 75% are laborers.
They mostly work in the field of agricultural production
and are a potential abundance laborer force for
Vietnamese economic development in both the past and
the future . In 2010, out of 1000 people at labor age in
the rural sites, about 43 were unemployed . The
unemployment rate of the rural laborers is 2.3 times
higher than that of the urban (General Department of
Statistics, 2011).
In 2010, the population of the Mekong Delta (MD) was 17.3 million people in which the laborer force was 10.2 million people and occupied 20.10% of the laborers in the whole country. The abundant human resource is potential for the socio-economic development of the region. The Mekong Delta is the biggest granary of the country; however, the rate of the trainees only occupies 7.80% ; the rate of laborers over the university level is 2.90%,the lowest of the country while the rate of the unemployed rural laborers accounts for 6.35%, the highest in the country. Therefore, creating employment and improving income of rural laborers become a necessary mission for the development policy of the region (General Department of Statistics, 2011).
In 2010, the population of the Mekong Delta (MD) was 17.3 million people in which the laborer force was 10.2 million people and occupied 20.10% of the laborers in the whole country. The abundant human resource is potential for the socio-economic development of the region. The Mekong Delta is the biggest granary of the country; however, the rate of the trainees only occupies 7.80% ; the rate of laborers over the university level is 2.90%,the lowest of the country while the rate of the unemployed rural laborers accounts for 6.35%, the highest in the country. Therefore, creating employment and improving income of rural laborers become a necessary mission for the development policy of the region (General Department of Statistics, 2011).
Kien Giang province is one of the four provinces
in the core economy region of the Mekong Delta. In
recent years, the vocational training has focused on
training according to the laborer demand of the
bussinesses to solve the problem of employment in the
province. Nevertheless, some places have not had the
initiative in the vocational choice to train for the local
laborers and have not paid enough attentions to the
mission of planing and developing human resource.
Hence, the local laborer force has not been planed in
training and employing the local laborers. Besides, a
number of people, especially those located in remote,
borderline regions and islands have limited access to
the information of policy for laborers and employment
(Department of Laborer, Invalids, and Social Affairs in
Kien Giang, 2012).
Vocational training for the rural laborers plays a
very important role for the socio-economic development.
However, the quality of the rural laborers is low and has
not satisfied the social needs; the rural laborer markets
are unprompted and unstable. Those are the challenges
in the process of the industrialization and rural
agriculture modernization. Thus, the study of “Laborer
Status and the Effect of Vocational Training on
Employment and Income of Rural Laborers in Kien
Giang Province, Vietnam” was carried out to evaluate
the laborer status; the rural vocational training; and the
reasonable solutions for enhancing the laborer quality;
increasing the employment and improving income of
the rural laborers.
Method of Study
a) Site of study
Kien Giang province has 15 administrative units and is located in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam with the total land of this province is 6.346 km2 potential resources for socio-economic development, modern structure of agriculture industry economy and development of human ecology tourist services (http://www.kiengiang.gov.vn).
Population of Kien Giang province in 2010 was 1.71 million people; 73.11% of which live in rural area; the laborer force was 1.12 million people in which over 90% was in the ages of the laborers (Department of Statistics in Kien Giang province, 2011).
b) Methodology
Data of the study were collected through group discussions at the community level and interviews with 175 farming households. Data on this topic were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlative regression analysis.
Kien Giang province has 15 administrative units and is located in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam with the total land of this province is 6.346 km2 potential resources for socio-economic development, modern structure of agriculture industry economy and development of human ecology tourist services (http://www.kiengiang.gov.vn).
Population of Kien Giang province in 2010 was 1.71 million people; 73.11% of which live in rural area; the laborer force was 1.12 million people in which over 90% was in the ages of the laborers (Department of Statistics in Kien Giang province, 2011).
b) Methodology
Data of the study were collected through group discussions at the community level and interviews with 175 farming households. Data on this topic were analysed using descriptive statistics and correlative regression analysis.
Results and Discussions
a) Laborer status, vocational training and employment in the rural sites of Kien Giang province
i. Structure of laborers
The results of the study showed that the ages of
15-29 occupied 43% of the total laborers in 2012. This is
a healthy youth laborer force because those people
have more potential abilities to acquire advanced
knowledge to improve their vocational levels for
development of many economic professions. The ages
of 30-44 accounted for 36% of the total laborers; they
are experienced laborers but their acquirement of
advanced knowledges is limited. Finally, the ages of 45-
60 comprised 21% of the total laborers; they have more
experiences but they face more difficulties to acquire
advanced knowledge because their memorizing ability
has reduced. Therefore, investment policies need to
focus on developingappropriate vocations with the local
laborer potentials (Interviews of 175 farm householders
in Kien Giang province, 2012).
ii. Vocational Traing for Laborers Force
people in the rural sites of Kien Giang has changed
considerably since 51% laborers demanded the
vocational training of the industry and the construction
while the rate of the laborers would like to improve the
agricultural vocation remained only 30%. This is an
important premise to develop the sustainable rural
agriculture towards the industrialization and
modernization (Group Discussion at Community Level,
2012).
iii. Employment of Rural Laborers
Among laborers, 52% of them work in the field
of agriculture and small productions because they are
old-age traditional vocational of local laborers.
Meanwhile, laborers in the age group between 15 and
29, participated in the the hired laborers for the non-farm
works and the handicrafts, and occupied 43% for these
works require for healthy young laborer forces with their
potential abilities for acquiring advanced knowledges
into their employments. While, other vocations belong
to the age group between 30 and 44. (Interview of 175
farm householders in Kien Giang province, 2012).
iv. Effect of Rural Vocation Training
In the past years, the vocational training of Kien
Giang province gained good initial results because 68%
of the rural laborers vocation training.
Actually, the arrangements of the rural laborers
for short vocation training and the assignments of the
vocation training were not well-organized. Besides, 38%
of the trainees did not have the jobs with their trained
vocations. This important problem needs to be paid
attention to. Some vocational training programs were
inappropriate for the priority of the local socio-
econonomic development such as: training of sewing
but no local factory for sewing or training of agriculture
in the industrial areas,...
23% of vocational trainees did not follow their
demands because the vocational training of some local
authorities was conducted basing on the quota
assigned by upper authorities; therefore, the quality of
training was of no effect (Group Discussions at the
Community Level, 2012).
b) Factors Affecting Employment and Income of
Laborers from Rural Vocation in Kien Giang Province
i. Factors Affecting Employment after Rural Vocation
Training
The variables include gender of laborers, type
of vocation, form of vocational training, and linkages of
training, correlated with the employments after the
vocational training received by the rural laborers (Table 1)
ii. Factors Affecting Total Income from Rural Vocation in Rural Area
The results of the regression analysis showed
that the variables such as type of household, land area, age of laborer, type of vocation, form of vocational
training and linkages among training schools affected
directly the total incomes from the rural vocation (Table 2).
c) Feasible solutions on Employments and Incomes of Laborers in Rural Areas in Kien Giang Province.
- Improve the effect of vocational training courses for the rural laborers; train vocations according to the demand of the employments and incomes of laborers and businesses.
- Introduce employments before the vocational training to ensure trainees having employments after vocational training. Besides, link with businesses to open vocational training classes.
- Provide training of value chain in agricultural vocations to meet demands of market and requirenents of local authorities.
- Train non-agrictural vocations according to demands of companies at the present and in the future.
- Train vocations for the age group of 19 and 20 years old, active and creative ages for vocational training at the present and in the future.
- Increase and practice; improve trainers’ quality to ensure qualified trainees after vocational training in order to attract laborers participating in vocational training. training duration; balance between theory
- Make policy on credit for production, business and service for the trainees after vocational training, in particular, for the poor. Besides, ask for a loan from local banks so that households can set up cooperatives to access credits and find stable outputs of their products.
- Coordinate among bussinesses to look for international markets for stabilizing the outputs of their products and scale up business and production to provide more employments for laborers.
- Develop forms of vocational training in the field schools at the Centers for Community Training.
- Set up and strengthen laborer market information systems at the Centers for Promotion of Employment to provive necessary information for laborers looking for employments and businesses recruiting employees.
Conclusions
The study results showed that most rural laborers
were young laborers with the ages from 15 to 29 in the
study sites of Kien Giang province; however, these
laborers did not meet the laborer market in term of qualified laborers; they almost worked on the handicrafts
and non-farm hired employment; while a large number of
laborers aged 45 years old and above worked in the
agricultural sector.
Vocational training program in recent years has
not attracted volunteer laborers to participate since
vocational training has not effected high enough
because of unemployment after training and no linkage
between vocational training organizations and
companies/factories employing the trainees.
The factors of laborers’ gender, vocation type,
vocational training form and the linkage between
vocational training organizationss and companies/
factories employing the trainees affected directly the
employments of laborers after rural vocational training.
The factors of household type, land area, ages
of trainees, type of vocation, form of vocational training
and linkage between the vocational training
organizations and the companies/factories employing
the trainees effected directly total incomes of laborers
after rural vocational training.
Rural laborers in Kien Giang tended to choose
industry and construction professions for vocations. This
was a good perception of the rural laborer. This matter
was an advantage for the process of economic
development in Kien Giang.
Recommendation
To improve the vocational qualification of
laborers and effects of vocational training, the following
recommendations should be considered:
a) For the leaders of village and district levels
Survey frequently the vocational training demand of laborers and the laborer demand of the businesses.
Assign the local officials to participate in workshops on vocational training in different locations order to exchange experiences to each other.
Make a good condition to the Centers for the Employment Promotion to connect the laborers with businesses.
Reinforce the supports for the vocational trainees.
b) For the leaders of provincial level
Enlarge the vocational training organizations to meet with the vocational training demand of the laborers in locality.
Make rapid decisions on the demand of vocation training classes proposed by organizations in the province.
c) For the vocational training organizations
Recruit and educate skilled trainers to train trainees effectively.
Set up practical training curricula for laborers.
Link with businesses to set up training courses following the contract of these businesses.
d) For the businesses
a) For the leaders of village and district levels
Survey frequently the vocational training demand of laborers and the laborer demand of the businesses.
Assign the local officials to participate in workshops on vocational training in different locations order to exchange experiences to each other.
Make a good condition to the Centers for the Employment Promotion to connect the laborers with businesses.
Reinforce the supports for the vocational trainees.
b) For the leaders of provincial level
Enlarge the vocational training organizations to meet with the vocational training demand of the laborers in locality.
Make rapid decisions on the demand of vocation training classes proposed by organizations in the province.
c) For the vocational training organizations
Recruit and educate skilled trainers to train trainees effectively.
Set up practical training curricula for laborers.
Link with businesses to set up training courses following the contract of these businesses.
d) For the businesses
Coordinate with the vocational training
organizations in the locality to train and to hire
employees after training.
Develop priority feasible vocations in the local
conditions.
Implement the priority policy for recruiting the
trained laborers and for providing the salary/wage to
them in the locality.
Promote the employees to participate in the
advanced vocational training courses.
References
1. Department of Laborer, Invalids, and Social Affairs
in Kien Giang, 2012. Báo cáo tổng kết của sở LĐ -
TB - XH qua các năm 2009, 2010, 2011 (Final
Report of Department of Laborer, Invalids, and
Social Affairs in Kien Giang in 2009,2010, 2011) .
2. Department of Statistics in Kien Giang province, 2011. Niên giám thống kê năm 2010 (Statistical Year Book in 2010). Hanoi Publishing House.
3. General Department of Statistics, 2011. Báo cáo kết quả điều tra lao động và việc làm năm 2010 (Report of Survey Results on laborers and employments in 2010). Hanoi Publishing House. Website source: http://www.kiengiang.gov.vn.
2. Department of Statistics in Kien Giang province, 2011. Niên giám thống kê năm 2010 (Statistical Year Book in 2010). Hanoi Publishing House.
3. General Department of Statistics, 2011. Báo cáo kết quả điều tra lao động và việc làm năm 2010 (Report of Survey Results on laborers and employments in 2010). Hanoi Publishing House. Website source: http://www.kiengiang.gov.vn.
Publications
-Tuyen, Nguyen Quang. 2010. “Land Holding Changes and Kinh and Khmer
Farmers’ Livelihoods in Thoi Thuan B Hamlet, Thoi Lai Town, Co Do District,
Cantho City, Vietnam.” Journal of Asian Social Science, Canadian Center
of Science and Education, 6, 1(2010):132-144.
-Tuyen, N.Q.2011. Diversification and Differentiation: Livelihood Strategies of Land-owning and Landless Households in ‘Thoi Thuan B Hamlet. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, No.2, p.205-212.
-Tuyen, N.Q.2012. “An Intensive Rice Production System Using Hired Mobile Khmer Ethnicity Laborers from Soc Trang, Vietnam”. Global Journal of Human Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, 12, 13 (2012): 1-5.
-Nguyen Quang Tuyen, 2013. Outcomes of Vietnam’s Agrarian Policies after “Doi Moi”: A Case Study Of Attempted Agricultural Intensification and Diversification In a Village in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. (Kết quả của Chính sách nông thôn của Việt Nam sau Đổi mới: Nghiên cứu trường hợp đa dạng và thâm canh nông nghiệp của một xã ở ĐBSCL). Global Journal of Human Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, 13, 6 (2013): 37-47.
-Nguyen Quang Tuyen, 2014. Livelihood Diversification Strategies of Khmer and Kinh Farmers in the Mekong Delta since the 1993 Land Law. Global Journal of Human Social Sciences, 14, 4 (2014): 15-20.
Nguyen Quang Tuyen. 2015. Laborer Status and the Effect of Vocational Training on Employment and Income of Rural Laborers in Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. Global Journal of Human - Social Sciences, 15, 4 (2015): 1-4.
Cirriculam Vitae:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10uGcCql3KBU0xyRmRha1Q2T3c/view?usp=sharing
Research article:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10uGcCql3KBUnNDQmo0RGQ4NzA/view?usp=sharing
Research articles at Global Journals:
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume12/1-An-Intensive-Rice-Production.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume13/4-Outcomes-of-Vietnams-Agrarian.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/3-Livelihood-Diversification-Strategies.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume15/1-Laborer-Status-and-the-Effect-of-Vocational.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume16/4-Poverty-Assessment-and-Analysis.pdf
-Tuyen, N.Q.2011. Diversification and Differentiation: Livelihood Strategies of Land-owning and Landless Households in ‘Thoi Thuan B Hamlet. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2, No.2, p.205-212.
-Tuyen, N.Q.2012. “An Intensive Rice Production System Using Hired Mobile Khmer Ethnicity Laborers from Soc Trang, Vietnam”. Global Journal of Human Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, 12, 13 (2012): 1-5.
-Nguyen Quang Tuyen, 2013. Outcomes of Vietnam’s Agrarian Policies after “Doi Moi”: A Case Study Of Attempted Agricultural Intensification and Diversification In a Village in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta. (Kết quả của Chính sách nông thôn của Việt Nam sau Đổi mới: Nghiên cứu trường hợp đa dạng và thâm canh nông nghiệp của một xã ở ĐBSCL). Global Journal of Human Social Science, Arts, and Humanities, 13, 6 (2013): 37-47.
-Nguyen Quang Tuyen, 2014. Livelihood Diversification Strategies of Khmer and Kinh Farmers in the Mekong Delta since the 1993 Land Law. Global Journal of Human Social Sciences, 14, 4 (2014): 15-20.
Nguyen Quang Tuyen. 2015. Laborer Status and the Effect of Vocational Training on Employment and Income of Rural Laborers in Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. Global Journal of Human - Social Sciences, 15, 4 (2015): 1-4.
Cirriculam Vitae:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10uGcCql3KBU0xyRmRha1Q2T3c/view?usp=sharing
Research article:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B10uGcCql3KBUnNDQmo0RGQ4NzA/view?usp=sharing
Research articles at Global Journals:
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume12/1-An-Intensive-Rice-Production.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume13/4-Outcomes-of-Vietnams-Agrarian.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume14/3-Livelihood-Diversification-Strategies.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume15/1-Laborer-Status-and-the-Effect-of-Vocational.pdf
https://globaljournals.org/GJHSS_Volume16/4-Poverty-Assessment-and-Analysis.pdf
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